Cheapest web hosting - Figure 15-2: A bus topology chains computers together
Figure 15-2: A bus topology chains computers together without using a hub. Ring topology This is a far less popular topology than star and bus topologies. In a ring topology, computers connect to a ring of wires on which tokens are taken and passed by computers that want to send information on the network. This type of topology typically uses IBM s token ring protocols. For our purposes, we focus on star and bus topologies. Common to both topologies is the protocol used to send data over those wires the Ethernet protocol. Star topology is the more common one among small office and home networks. There are several reasons why this is so. It s easy to add and remove computers without disrupting other computers on the network. The star cabling (twisted pair) is more flexible, less expensive, and generally easier to handle than bus cabling (coaxial). Also, many inexpensive NICs do not have the BNC connectors needed for the bus topology. Tip I have used bus topology (coaxial cables and BNC connectors) when I had some old 10 Mbps NICs hanging around and only a couple of computers to connect. If you are starting a new installation, I recommend star topology. The equipment is easier to deal with and more readily available. Also, coaxial cables offer no easy way to upgrade to 100 Mbps technology. Bus topology does have some advantages over star topology, however. Although the cabling is slightly more expensive, cost savings can occur because no hub is needed. The coaxial cables are also considered extremely reliable. Both topologies have different limitations on the number of machines that can be connected and the distances between machines. Star topology s limit is 1024 nodes on the network; bus topology s limit is 30 nodes. The total length of a bus network cannot be more than 185 meters. For a star topology, each computer must be no more than 100 meters from the farthest computer on the LAN. In other words, a 50-meter cable connecting each of two computers would reach the limit. LAN equipment The equipment that you need to connect your LAN can include some or all of the following: Network Interface Card (NIC) Typically, one of these cards goes into a slot in each computer. For Ethernet networks, the cards can transmit data at 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps. Gigabit (1000 Mbps) NICs are also now available, but are quite a bit more expensive. Tip If you are looking to upgrade your network in the near future, but still have a lot of computers around that run at 10 Mbps, you may want to consider buying new NICs that run at both 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps. When you switch over to 100 Mbps, you will have fewer cards to replace. Cables For star topologies, cables are referred to as twisted pair. Connectors at each end of the cable are RJ-45 plugs, similar to those used on telephone cables. Ethernet interfaces are either
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