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computer for which the information is intended. The collision detection part is what helps the network detect and recover from data collisions. Cross-Reference Information on how to set up routers to communicate beyond your LAN is contained in Chapter 16. In addition to Ethernet, you need to configure TCP/IP. TCP/IP is the standard that defines the protocols and addressing scheme (unique names and numbers) that allow computers to interoperate around the entire world. TCP/IP is a transport protocol. This means that it provides end-to-end connection service between host computers. The actual underlying physical network can be carried out by a variety of network service providers, which can rely on Ethernet, telephone lines, direct connections, or other media to physically carry messages. Different ways of arranging and connecting your computers in a LAN are discussed in the next section. Choosing a network topology and equipment Even with a simple LAN, you need to make some decisions about network topology (how computers are connected). You also need to make some decisions about network equipment (network interface cards, wires, hubs, and so on). LAN topologies Most small office and home LANs connect computers together in one of the following topologies: Star topology In this arrangement, each computer contains a Network Interface Card (NIC) that connects with a cable to a central hub. The cabling is referred to as twisted pair cable, resembling the wires used to plug a telephone into the wall. Other equipment, such as printers and fax machines, can also be connected to the hub in a star topology. Figure 15-1 is an example of a star topology. Figure 15-1: In a star topology, machines on the network connect to a central hub. Bus topology Instead of using hubs, the bus topology connects computers in a chain from one to the next. The cabling usually used is referred to as coaxial, or Thin Ethernet cable. A T connector attaches to each computer s NIC, then to two adjacent computers in the chain. At the two ends of the chain, the T connectors are terminated. Figure 15-2 is an example of a bus topology.
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